| Order of the Precious Crown 宝冠章 |
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|---|---|
| Order of the Precious Crown, 1st class plaque. End of the 19th century. Musée de la Légion d'Honneur. | |
| Awarded by the Emperor of Japan | |
| Type | Order |
| Awarded for | At the monarch's pleasure |
| Status | Currently constituted |
| Sovereign | His Imperial Majesty The Emperor |
| Grades (w/ post-nominals) | 1st through 8th Class |
| Established | January 4, 1888 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Order of the Rising Sun (present) Order of the Golden Kite (former) |
| Next (lower) | Order of the Sacred Treasure |
The Order of the Precious Crown (宝冠章 Hōkan-shō) is a Japanese order, established on January 4, 1888 by Emperor Meiji of Japan. Originally the order had five classes, but on April 13, 1896 the sixth, seventh and eighth classes were added.
This Order is conventionally reserved for female recipients; however, men have occasionally been accorded this honor. More often, men have been awarded the Order of the Rising Sun rather than the Order of the Precious Crown. In 1917, medals of the Order of the Crown were bestowed upon twenty-nine Americans who participated in the Russo-Japanese War. This unusual list of honorees was composed of ten women volunteer nurses and nineteen correspondents of American newspapers.[1]
The first class honor has been typically conferred to female royalty. As originally conceived, the order consisted of eight classes. Unlike its European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously.
The badge of the order is a gold oval medallion, with floral designs at its four ends; at the centre is an ancient Japanese crown on a blue background, surrounded by a red ring. It is suspended from a smaller badge, its design varies according to class, on a ribbon in yellow with red stripes near the borders, as a sash on the right shoulder for the 1st class, as a bow on the left shoulder for the other classes.
The star of the order, which is worn only by the first class, has five arms studded with pearl, with floral designs between the arms. The central disc features a Ho-o or phoenix on a blue background, surrounded by a red ring.
The medal for the 6th and 7th classes are golden bronze. The face presents the crossed flags of Japan and the Emperor, both of which are surmounted by the Rising Sun. The obverse presents a conventonal monumental shaft, which is flanked by a branch of laurel and a branch of palm.[1]
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In 2003 the Order of the Rising Sun, previously reserved for males, were made available to women as well.[2] One example of a European counterpart is the Royal Victorian Order.
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